RCH Technologies

Fragmentation without Governance

When the Monolith Nobody Owns Starts to Rot

For many organizations, breaking up a monolith is treated as a rite of passage. It signals maturity, scale, and architectural enlightenment. Teams are reorganized around products or domains, services are extracted, and autonomy increases.

And then—quietly, predictably—the remains of the monolith begin to decay.

This post is about that failure mode. Not the dramatic kind involving outages or rewrites, but the slow, organizational neglect that sets in when everything desirable has an owner and everything else does not.

The Setup: From Monolith to PCD Teams

Imagine a team of roughly 80 developers working on a large monolith. Over time, the system is decomposed. Product- or capability-driven (PCD) teams are formed, and services are extracted to align with their domains.

From the outside, this looks like progress:

  • Teams gain focus
  • Deployment boundaries become clearer
  • Local velocity improves

But what remains inside the monolith is not a clean, shrinking core. It’s a mix of:

  • Supporting services
  • Cross-cutting utilities
  • Legacy integration paths
  • “Good enough” code no one was motivated to extract

And crucially: none of it maps cleanly to a PCD team’s mission.

The Result: Everyone Depends on It, No One Owns It

The remaining monolith becomes a shared dependency. It’s still critical, still deployed, still running production traffic—but it no longer has a natural home.

PCD teams are incentivized to:

  • Ship features
  • Improve their specific domain
  • Optimize for their local outcomes

The leftover system offers none of that upside. It mostly generates toil, risk, and maintenance work. So it falls between the cracks—not because teams are careless, but because they are behaving rationally within the incentives they’re given.

This is the moment when architectural fragmentation turns into organizational entropy.

Is This the Peril of Over-Fragmentation?

Yes—but not in the way the term is usually used.

The issue isn’t simply “too many services.” It’s fragmentation without governance.

Over-fragmentation manifests as:

  • Orphaned services
  • Unclear escalation paths
  • “Who owns this?” conversations
  • Legacy code that is critical but untouchable
  • Local optimization at the expense of global system health

The Accidental Platform Problem

What’s often missed is that the remnants of the monolith are effectively an internal platform:

  • Shared infrastructure
  • Cross-domain utilities
  • Integration glue

But unlike intentional platforms, these systems have:

  • No roadmap
  • No product thinking
  • No dedicated team
  • No explicit funding

Platform work done implicitly—by whoever happens to trip over it—inevitably rots.

What High-Functioning Organizations Do Differently

1. Explicit ownership of the “boring middle”

Successful organizations name the problem instead of letting it float:

  • Legacy Core Team
  • Foundations / Enablement
  • Internal Platform
  • Core Systems

They staff it, give it OKRs, and treat it as a first-class product. Without this, neglect is guaranteed.

2. Clear service ownership contracts

Every service—no matter how small—has:

  • A named owning team
  • An escalation path
  • A lifecycle plan (invest / maintain / sunset)

If a service has no roadmap, that’s still a roadmap decision.

3. Incentives for system health

If teams are measured only on:

  • Feature velocity
  • Domain KPIs

They will sacrifice shared reliability and long-term maintainability.

Healthy organizations include system health metrics, shared reliability goals, and explicit “tax” capacity for cross-cutting work.

4. Intentional re-monoliths (yes, really)

Many mature organizations:

  • Maintain a stable core monolith
  • Re-aggregate low-value services
  • Extract only what truly needs autonomy

Fragmentation is a tool—not a moral good.

The Takeaway

Breaking up a monolith doesn’t eliminate complexity—it redistributes it.

The quiet failure of over-fragmentation isn’t technical.
It’s organizational—and it’s preventable.

CONTACT

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Swords, Co. Dublin, Ireland

+353 86 3118747

rachel@rchtech.ie